String, Set and Map in Python

foo = "Prismo Skills"

print (
    str(len (foo)) + "\n" +
    str(foo.index("Skill")) + "\n" +
    foo.upper() + "\n" +
    foo.lower() + "\n" +
    foo[1:3] + "\n" +
    str(foo.startswith("Hello")) + "\n" +
    str(foo.endswith("Skills"))
)

13
7
PRISMO SKILLS
prismo skills
ri
False
True

>>> lst = [ 1, 'two', 3, 1, 'two' ]
>>> s = set(lst)
{1, 3, 'two'}

>>> s.add(4)
{1, 3, 4, 'two'}

>>> s.remove(4)
{1, 3, 'two'}

>>> 2 in s
False

>>> 'two' in s
True

>>> s2 = set([1,2,3])
{1, 2, 3}

>>> s - s2
{'two'}

>>> s & s2
{1, 3}

>>> s | s2
{1, 2, 3, 'two'}


# Sets in Python allow only immutable objects as keys.
# Immutable objects like lists cannot be added to a set.      
>>> lst = [ 1, 'two', 3, 1, "two", [a,b,c], [a,b,c] ]
>>> s = set(lst)
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'


# Tuples being immutable can be added to a set
>>> tple = (10,20,30)
>>> s.add(tple)
{1, 3, (10, 20, 30), 'two'}

>>> m = {'one':1, 'two':[1,2,3], 3:3}
{'two': [1, 2, 3], 'one': 1, 3: 3}


>>> del m[3]
{'two': [1, 2, 3], 'one': 1}


>>> m[3] = 'three'
>>> m[('hello','world')] = ('hi','world')
{3: 'three', 'two': [1, 2, 3], 'one': 1, ('hello', 'world'): ('hi', 'world')}


>>> lst = [1,2,3]
>>> m[lst] = lst
# Traceback (most recent call last):
# TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'


>>> m.keys()
dict_keys([3, 'two', 'one', ('hello', 'world')])


>>> m.values()
dict_values(['three', [1, 2, 3], 1, ('hi', 'world')])


>>> m.items()
dict_items([(3, 'three'), ('two', [1, 2, 3]), ('one', 1), (('hello', 'world'), ('hi', 'world'))])